Aḍ-Ḍārr An-Nāfiʿ is the one from whom emanates that which is beneficial and harmful. All of that is attributed to God Most High either through the mediation of the angels, men or inanimate bodies, or without any mediation. Do not think that poison kills and harms by itself, or that food satisfies or is beneficial by itself, or that an angel, a man, a devil or any created thing, such as sky or star or something else, is itself capable of producing a good or an evil or something beneficial or harmful. Rather (is it true that) each one of these is (only) a subservient cause from which nothing comes forth except that for which it has been made subservient.